Powtoon-Based Animated Video for Spatial Visualisation in Plane Geometry: A Preliminary Study

Abstract

This article reports a preliminary study conducted to inform the development of a Powtoon-based animated video oriented towards spatial visualisation in Grade X plane geometry. The study represents the Define stage of a 4D research-and-development design and used descriptive qualitative analysis. Evidence was drawn from a semi-structured interview with one mathematics teacher, an interview with one Grade X student, and two open-ended diagnostic tasks concerning angle relationships in a trapezoid and translation on the Cartesian plane at SMA Negeri 3 Ngabang. The documented student work showed correct numerical results and an emerging ability to state geometric relationships; however, explanations remained concise, the dynamic meaning of transformations was not fully articulated, and responses to prompts about animated motion were incomplete. Interview data converged with these findings: instruction relied mainly on the board, textbooks or worksheets, and occasional static presentation slides, while both participants considered dynamic animation useful for displaying changes in shape, position, and direction. The preliminary analysis therefore generated five design requirements: animated geometric transitions, explicit connections among verbal, visual, and symbolic representations, paced narration and labels, worked examples with explanatory prompts, and pause/replay access across common devices. These findings justify proceeding to the Design and Develop stages, but they do not constitute evidence of product validity, practicality, or effectiveness